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Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production.[1] In general a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology.[2] Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, and the electric guitar. Purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the Theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer.[3]

Electronic music was once associated almost exclusively with Western art music but from the late 1960s on the availability of affordable music technology meant that music produced using electronic means became increasingly common in the popular domain.[4] Today electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from experimental art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music.
Contents
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* 1 History
o 1.1 Late 19th century to early 20th century
+ 1.1.1 "New Aesthetic of Music"
+ 1.1.2 Futurists
+ 1.1.3 The 1920–1930s
o 1.2 Developments from 1945 to 1960
+ 1.2.1 Musique concrète
+ 1.2.2 Elektronische Mugib
+ 1.2.3 American electronic music
+ 1.2.4 Columbia-Princeton
+ 1.2.5 Stochastic music
+ 1.2.6 Mid to late 1950s
o 1.3 The 1960s
+ 1.3.1 Computer music
+ 1.3.2 Live electronics
o 1.4 1970s to mid-80s
+ 1.4.1 Synthesizers
+ 1.4.2 IRCAM
+ 1.4.3 Rise of popular electronic music
+ 1.4.4 Birth of MIDI
+ 1.4.5 Digital synthesis
o 1.5 Late 1980s to 1990s
+ 1.5.1 Rise of dance music
+ 1.5.2 Advancements
o 1.6 The 2000s
+ 1.6.1 Circuit bending
+ 1.6.2 Chip Music
* 2 See also
* 3 Footnotes
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

[edit] History
[edit] Late 19th century to early 20th century
Telharmonium, Thaddeus Cahill, 1897

The ability to record sounds is often connected to the production of electronic music, but not absolutely necessary for it. The earliest known sound recording device was the phonautograph, patented in 1857 by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. It could record sounds visually, but was not meant to play them back.[5]

In 1878, Thomas A. Edison patented the phonograph, which used cylinders similar to Scott's device. Although cylinders continued in use for some time, Emile Berliner developed the disc phonograph in 1887.[6] A significant invention, which was later to have a profound effect on electronic music, was Lee DeForest's triode audion. This was the first thermionic valve, or vacuum tube, invented in 1906, which led to the generation and amplification of electrical signals, radio broadcasting, and electronic computation, amongst other things.

Before electronic music, there was a growing desire for composers to use emerging technologies for musical purposes. Several instruments were created that employed electromechanical designs and they paved the way for the later emergence of electronic instruments. An electromechanical instrument called the Telharmonium (sometimes Teleharmonium or Dynamophone) was developed by Thaddeus Cahill in the years 1898-1912. However, simple inconvenience hindered the adoption of the Telharmonium, due to its immense size. The first electronic instrument is often viewed to be the Theremin, invented by Professor Léon Theremin circa 1919–1920.[7] Another early electronic instrument was the Ondes Martenot, which was most famously used in the Turangalîla-Symphonie by Olivier Messiaen as well as other works by him. It was also used by other, primarily French, composers such as Andre Jolivet.[citation needed]